Using Toothbrush Magnets

Like most modelers, I am always looking around for useful gadgets or junk that can be recyced for use on the railroad.  Last year I bought a Sonicare electric toothbrush.  The handle of the brush contains batteries that can be recharged by setting the handle on the base.  The brushes themselves are disposable, and need to be changed from time to time.  The last time I replaced one of the brushes, I took a look at the mechanical parts.

Notice that at the bottom of the cowling that attaches the brush to the handle there is a mechanism that protrudes from the cover.  A careful examination revealed a pair of very strong magnets.  When the brush is switched on, an electric field alternates rapidly, causing the brush to vibrate (and clean your teeth).  The cowling is easily removable.

As can be seen from the photo, the bottom of the brush contains two tiny magnets which are quite powerful.  At first I wondered if they might be rare earth magnets because of the strength.  In any case, my first inclination was to remove the magnets as something that might be useful on the railroad.  But they proved quite difficult to separate from the rest of the device, and I didn't want to damage them by using brute force.   But then it occurred to me that the magnets might be useful anyway.

With some effort, I removed the brush part, leaving me with the magnets and a makeshift handle. The first time I tried this, I managed to destroy the plastic part at the bottom of the brush.  A second try was more successful in neatly severing the brush from the mechanism.

I wound up with a pair of very strong magnets and a handle for holding them.  They proved useful for picking up random spikes and other metallic objects, a constant challenge around a model railroad. But then I remembered that my EBT triple hopper cars have molded loads that contain a steel nut embedded in the bottom.  Behold!  A used toothbrush makes a perfect tool for gently removing the loads once the cars have arrived at the coal processing plant.

Sadly, I don't have as simple a system for reloading the cars at the other end of the layout.  I still have to set each load into the Blackstone cars, one at a time.  But at the delivery end of the railroad, the old toothbrush magnets give me a quick and easy way to unload a string of cars as shown.  If you have an old electric toothbrush, check it out. You might find it useful for more than cleaning your teeth!

Modeling the EBT Shops: Conclusion

In 1874 the East Broad Top Railroad began grading and construction south of Mount Union through the Aughwick Valley.  By the end of that year, tracks had been laid as far as Rockhill Furnace, ten miles from Mount Union.  Rockhill Furnace was so named for the large iron works located on the east side of the tracks.  To the west, between the tracks and Jordan Creek, the railroad built a turntable and roundhouse, along with a number of wooden structures to service and support the railroad.  A coal fired power plant provided steam to operate an overhead system of belts and pulleys for the engine shop and machine shop.  An enormous car shop was constructed to build and maintain the EBT's rolling stock.  The railroad made almost everything it needed.  There was a large forge for casting wheels and a myriad of iron parts, small and large.  The blacksmith shop adjacent to the forge contained a huge steam hammer and overhead crane.  Other buildings were erected for storing lumber, pipe and rod.   A sand house and tower were built to service the locomotives.  I have already described the scale and scale house that once sat close to the car shop.  Most of these structures, dating back to the late 19th century, still stand today, unchanged more than 60 years after the EBT ceased operations.

In the first installment of this series on modeling the EBT shops, I posted an aerial view of the shops looking north toward Mount Union.   My goal has been to construct a model of the shops as close as possible in appearance to the prototype.  Below is a photo of my model of the shops alongside the aerial photograph of the prototype.  Note that while the shop buildings are in their proper position relative to each other, the yard has not yet been scenicked or the track ballasted.

The photo of my model of the EBT shops is taken from roughly the same angle as the prototype photo, but some of the structures modeled have been significantly compressed because of space limitations, The car shop, for example, is more than half a football field in length.  Here is a view of it during tourist operations.

When I modeled the car shop, I realized that it would have to be compressed if I wanted to include any of the other shop buildings in the scene.  The model was shortened by two thirds.  Here is another view of the car shop.

And here is a side view of the model.  While it is clearly foreshortened, the basic proportions of the car shop have been preserved.  The exterior was painted oxide red, and then dry brushed with a light gray color to suggest the weather beaten appearance of the prototype.

Originally, the car shop covered only two tracks, but it was extended to the east to incorporate an additional siding, resulting in the off-set appearance of the roof.   I constructed the model with open doors at both ends of the easternmost track, allowing me to run cars through the building for repairs and servicing.  The other doors are partially or completely shut.  There are no windows on the other side of the car shop, since they are not visible from the aisle.

The locomotive and machine shop abuts the car shop on the west.  The heart of the shop complex, the locomotive shop was able to drop the 48 inch drivers from a steam locomotive and move them to a large wheel lathe.  The shop had a variety of presses, drills, brakes, punches and other heavy equipment for repairing and servicing virtually anything on the railroad.  A central building paralleled the car shop, with two large bays protruding to the west.  The bays were lined with tall 9/9 windows, In the following photo the south bay on the left joins the central shop structure.  The power plant smoke stacks appear in the background.  The building in the foreground houses the shop latrines.

Since the locomotive and machine shop is quite large, I decided to use the greatly compressed White Ground kit rather than trying to scratch build an exact copy of the structure. The kit has only a single bay, greatly foreshortened.  However, since the locomotive shop faces west, most of the interesting window detail cannot be seen from the aisle of my layout anyway.  Here is the side facing away from visitors.  The large locomotive doors face to the north.

Since the side of the locomotive and machine shop facing the aisle is completely hidden by the roof of the car shop, what visitors see of the model is essentially just the roof.  I spent a good deal of time on the corrugated iron roof, weathering it heavily with chalks and powders to give it a grimy, rusty appearance.  I did not bother to install windows on the side adjacent to the car shop, since no one can see them anyway,

Just to the north of the locomotive and machine shop is the blacksmith shop.  As mentioned, the blacksmith shop contained a large steam hammer and overhead crane, as well as several blacksmith forges and hoods for smaller work. This structure had been neglected for many years after the railroad closed, to the point where several of the large post and beam supports were rotting or had disintegrated.  The building listed to the side and was in danger of collapse.  The FEBT undertook a major restoration of the shop a few years ago, jacked up the sagging sides, replaced the support posts and poured new footers.  The building had sagged so much that it was necessary to replace much of the lower board and batten siding.  Here is what the building looked like after restoration.  You can see the replacement siding along the bottom of the walls.

In recent years work has continued on the structure, windows are being replaced and the entire building has received a coat of paint.  The result is a significant improvement.

Here is a photo of the blacksmith shop model I built from plans in the Historic American Building Survey and Historic American Engineering Record (HABS/HAER).  I used the same techniques as with my model of the electrical and air brake shops.  The model was relatively simple to construct. The north and south ends and the east and west sides are identical, with a central door and identical arrangement of windows.

Situated to the west of the locomotive shop is another, less imposing but still interesting structure: the sand house and tower.  Like many other shop buildings, the sand tower had fallen into disrepair and was listing to one side.  The FEBT launched another restoration project, stabilized the buildings, and provided for their structural integrity,

The sand tower was built from another White Ground kit, following the directions in a straightforward manner.  However, when it came to the adjacent sand house, I decided to have some fun and portray it in a weathered and dilapidated condition.  After assembling the walls using the same methods as previously described, I then brushed the board and batten siding with a mixture of 93% isopropyl alcohol and India ink, applying more of the solution to the bottom of the boards, where they would have had more water damage.  I then applied Floquil oxide red paint by pouring a small amount in a flat dish, dabbing it with a cloth, and wiping the paint with gentle downward strokes, applying the paint heavier at the top and fading away to the stained boards at the bottom.  Finally, I brushed a thin layer of Minwax gray stain over the siding.  The edges of the corrugated roof panels were dabbed with Floquil rust to suggest a deterioration of the metal edges.  Here is my version of the sand house and tower.

Much work remains to be done on my shop scene.  Track has been laid and wired, but still needs to be ballasted.  Ground cover, weeds and grass will follow.  The roundhouse is a work in progress.  I still have to finish aligning the tracks and gluing them down, installing lights, and constructing the roof.  But the end is in sight!  I will continue to update work on the Rockhill Shops as it progresses. Thanks for your continued interest and support.

Modeling the EBT Shops - The Paint Shop

In my last post I illustrated how I scratch built the EBT Electrical and Air Brake Shops, an unusual and rarely modeled structure.  In this post I will discuss construction of the EBT Paint Shop, also infrequently modeled.  The paint shop is a relatively new brick building, located next to the turntable and roundhouse.  It is a fairly simple structure, long and narrow, 21 feet wide and 90 feet in length. There are large double doors in both ends and a single personnel door in the middle of the east side.

The paint shop was completed in 1933, a fact confirmed by a circular date stone on the north end.  At one time, painting was done in the unused 8th stall of the roundhouse, the only stall missing a smoke vent and chimney.  The present paint shop replaced an earlier building which was destroyed by fire.

The ;paint shop has doors at both ends, and the plans available from the FEBT show that both doors were approximately 11 feet in height.  However, the plans are wrong, as the 11 foot height would be too low for much of the EBT rolling stock.  A visual inspection of the two ends showed that the doors in the south end were considerably higher than the doors in the north end. When I built the paint shop, I estimated the southern entrance was 14-15 feet in height.

The paint shop is accessed via a spur track which runs along the banks of Jordan Creek behind the sand house and tower.  The west side of the building is supported by a concrete retaining wall, which I did not include in my model.

As can be seen from the photos, the paint shop is made of clean, lightly colored brick, well pointed. I decided to model the prototype with laser cut brick sheets from Monster Modelworks, a relatively new company offering both structure kits and various types of laser cut siding for scratch building.  I selected the "clean" brick siding along with matching corners.

As mentioned above, the paint shop is 90 feet in length, which turned out to be a little too long for the space I had available on the layout.  I decided to shorten the building by one single window at each end, reducing the length to 76 feet while preserving the appearance of the finished structure.  Since the Monster Modelworks brick is available in a 6" by 12" sheet, I determined that one sheet was just enough for the model.

Building the Model

The Monster Modelworks brick sheets have an "up" side stamped on the reverse side.  The 1/8" corners also have an "up" side, so that the sides and the corners can be matched.  The laser cut brick work is neat, precise and very well done.  The panels come with color variations in the unpainted wood that looked so realistic I was tempted to leave them that way!

Using dimensions from the FEBT plans, I laid out Tichy #8056 38" x 92" 9/9 double hung windows on the back of the brick sheet and marked the openings with a sharp pencil.  Using a small chisel blade and hammer I carefully cut out the openings for the windows and the door. The 1/8" thickness helped me avoid accidentally splitting the basswood.  I used a nail file emery board to true up and smooth the openings.  Before gluing the corners to the sides, I test fit the windows and door frame.

Once I was satisfied that the windows were square, the next step was to paint the bricks.  But I was not sure what colors to use,  The walls were not your usual brick red; they had a pale yellowish hue.  I didn't want to use too dark a color, and so I began to experiment with combinations of acrylic paints from the local craft store.   I used the pieces of brick wall I had cut out for the windows to see how different paints appeared.

For a base coat, I experimented with various craft paints labled "adobe" and "yellow ocher" as well as Polly Scale "rust".  Monster Modelworks has additional helpful suggestions for painting the bricks on their website.  My first effort was to brush on a first coat of adobe, then when dry, add overcoats of yellow ochre and rust.   Then I reversed the order and started with ocher and added additional coats of adobe and/or rust.

After trying various colors and techniques, I decided to go with the adobe base coat, which has an orange tinge to it.  Then I applied very small amounts of rust unevenly using a stiff bristle brush.  I dabbed the brush in a small amount of paint, then dabbed it on a paper towel to remove most of the paint.  Then I touched the bricks very lightly with the end of the brush.  I repeated the same process with the yellow ocher, but used it more widely over the wall.  Finally, I highlighted a few bricks here and there with black and off white acrylic.  A close inspection of the paint shop walls will reveal a scattering of these discolored bricks.  In the photo above, the scrap of brick on the bottom right is what I found most appealing.

Having decided on colors, I bit my lip and began to paint the brick walls and corner pieces using the same technique.   Here is the result of my efforts.   I think the colors are reasonably close to the photos of the paint shop above.  Note that the north and south door openings and the personnel door opening have squares of balsa wood glued behind them.  I planned to cut the doors from scribed styrene sheet; the doors would be separately painted and would be glued to the balsa backing.  This is the same technique I used with the electrical shop and air brake shop in my previous post.

My next challenge was to add the mortar lines for the bricks.  Here again I tried various methods using the window and door knockouts for practice.  The Monster Modelworks guidelines on adding mortar to the bricks suggested mixing rubbing alcohol and Bragdon's Lime White Mortar weathering powder, applying it as a thin wash, then drying it with a hair dryer.  Not having Bragdon's powders, I used Dr. Ben's weathering powders purchased from Micro Mark.  Maybe Bragdon's is different, but I was not satisfied with the result.  The wash left a white residue on the surface of the brick.   I also tried a wash of white water color, but all my efforts still left a white residue on the bricks.  Finally, on the suggestion of another modeler I met at the local hobby shop, I drove to Home Depot and bought a $2.00 can  of Durham's Water Putty.  

A very thin mixture of water putty and water was dabbed over the brick wall, then dried with a heat gun on low.  Although there was some residue on the brick surface, it was readily wiped off with a slightly damp cloth or finger.  As the putty dried, the mortar lines gradually appeared, and the result was exactly what I was looking for.  Not only that, but I now have a lifetime supply of Durham's water putty!

With the walls finished, I painted the window frames flat white and installed them in the brick walls. I also glued the corner pieces to the ends of the walls at this time, using Elmer's yellow carpenter's glue.  After painting and adding the double doors and the personnel door, the building was beginning to take shape.  The concrete foundation was also added at this time.

My next step was to glue the walls together, again using yellow carpenter's glue.  I also glued 1/8" square stripwood along the top and bottom of each side and end piece to prevent warping.  

With the walls assembled, the building was beginning to resemble the prototype ... except for the roof.

The north and south doors are heavily weathered in the photographs above.  I applied a small amount of driftwood acrylic paint over the oxide red doors.  The result was a streaked, weathered look that is a good facsimile of the prototype.  The north doors and the personnel door were similarly treated.

The only thing remaining was to complete the roof, using techniques similar to what I did with the electrical shop in the previous post. A cardboard sub-roof was cut from mat board, then corrugated metal panels were cut from Campbell corrugated strips.  There was one final problem, however; in the photos, the roof has a reddish orange color. It was not clear if the roof was painted this color or simply heavily rusted.  Early photos in books on the EBT suggest that it has been this color for many years.   I put out a request for information on the EBT website, but got no replies.  Finally, I decided that since the building is situated a good three feet from the aisle on my layout, no one would be able to tell if the roof was painted or rusty.  So I spray painted the roof the same NATO Black I used on other shop roofs, followed by a heavy coat of Dr. Ben's Rusty Red weathering powder.  The result is close enough to the prototype for my purposes.  

The next and last installment in this series will highlight a number of other shop buildings -- some scratch built, some kit built, some kit bashed -- where I have used techniques similar to those illustrated here to create a unified, realistic version of the EBT shops as they appeared on a summer day in the 1950's.

Modeling the EBT Shops

Background

Located some ten miles south of its junction with the Pennsylvania Railroad in Mount Union, the EBT shop complex covers several acres in the borough of Rockhill Furnace.  Here can be found everything needed to support the little narrow gauge railroad: an 8 stall roundhouse; turntable; car shop; locomotive shop; machine shop; sand house and tower; foundry; blacksmith shop; paint, electrical and air brake shops.  Most of the buildings are of board and batten construction, with the exception of the roundhouse and paint shop.  The latter was a replacement built in the 1930's for an earlier wooden structure destroyed by fire.  The amazing thing about all these buildings is that they are still standing some 60 years after the end of common carrier operations.  An aerial view shows the layout of the shops as it is today.  (The buildings to the right of the tracks belong to the neighboring trolley museum and are not part of the East Broad Top Railroad.)

The EBT main line to Mount Union runs beside a large structure in the middle of the picture.  This building, with the offset roof, is the car shop, the largest building on the property.  Just beyond can be seen the twin smoke stacks of the powerhouse.  Above the power plant are the roofs of the foundry, the coal bin, the pattern storage building, and the electrical and air brake shops.  The L shaped building to the left of the car shop houses the locomotive and machine shops.  Just above them can be seen the roof of the blacksmith shop with its ventilated monitor roof.

To the left, along Jordan Creek, can be seen the sand house and tower.  Above are three small sheds.  Beyond are two large storage buildings for pipe and rod stock, with the stone farm house just below the turntable, used as a yard office and storage facility when the railroad was still hauling coal. The small brick building with a red roof to the left of the roundhouse is the paint shop.  

I had always planned to include the shops on my East Broad Top layout, and over the years I acquired some. but not all of the shop buildings.  A few structures I purchased on eBay already built.  Others were scratch built or assembled from kits.  But I still needed several key structures without which my Rockhill Shop scene would be incomplete.  These included the imposing blacksmith shop, the electrical and air brake shops, and the brick paint shop.  I was fortunate to have plenty of photographs from recent trips to the EBT and I had blueprints and plans to work from.  The blacksmith shop is documented in the Historical American Building Survey and the Historic American Engineering Record in the Library of Congress (HABS/HAER), a copy of which just happened to be in my files!  Plans for the electrical shop and the paint shop were available from the Friends of the East Broad Top (FEBT) Company Store and I promptly ordered a set of each.

The Electrical and Air Brake Shops

One of the most unusual structures on the property is the combined electrical and air brake shop building.  It has an odd collection of windows, including a line of small four pane windows just under the eaves.  Two sides of the building are constructed of novelty siding while the other two sides are board and batten.  A small shed is attached to the west side of the electrical shop (the side facing away from the tracks) and a short spur runs up to double doors in this lean-to addition.  Here is a three quarter view of the north-east corner.  The old stone farmhouse yard office can be seen in the background.

Below is a photo of the north side of the building showing the double door entrance to the lean-to air brake shop. The blacksmith shop is visible behind and to the right.  In recent years the FEBT has stored the rebuilt 1920's Nash track car (M-3) in the lean-to..  It is not clear what the railroad used the shed for in common carrier days.  It is known as the air brake shop, but the structure is too short for a car to be enclosed.  The purpose of the electrical shop is another mystery.  Was it a work area for servicing the power and lights?  A clue might be the large quantity of Western Electric telephone equipment inside, suggesting that it might have been used to maintain the EBT telephone lines from Mount Union to Robertsdale.

I began construction of the model by laying out the FEBT plans on my work bench.  The building was measured in 1986 but early photographs indicate it is relatively unchanged since the 1950's.

Although the plans are drawn in HO scale (1;87) I used an HO scale rule to measure the ends and sides, just to be safe.  I used Kappler scribed basswood sheet for the north and east sides of the electrical shop (scale 8" boards), and Mount Albert board and batten basswood siding (with scale 1 foot boards) for the south and west sides, as well as the sides of the air brake shop.  After a good deal of shopping around for windows, I found some Tichy and Grandt Line windows in my scrap box that were close to the correct size and type.  The four pane window over the north door was unusual, and I used a window by Laser-Art.  I then used a sharp chisel blade in a hobby knife to cut and knock out the window and door openings.

I decided to paint the sides oxide red before assembling the building, to avoid painting over any glue residue.  Since the drawings were HO scale, I could lay out the entire building before assembly.  In cutting the two ends of the electric shop I was careful to allow for the thickness of the long side walls.

I assembled the walls on a sheet of glass, with a grid under the glass to help square the structure. The grid was purchased in a sewing store and was designed (I think) for quilting.  Brass clamps were used to keep the sides square while the glue dried.

The interior walls were braced with  1/8" stripwood  to prevent warping.

Here is a three quarter view of the north and west sides showing the air brake shop.  The windows were spray painted with Krylon white primer before installing them.  Wooden board doors were cut from scribed styrene.  A piece of thin balsa wood was glued to the back of the door opening, so that the styrene boards would fit flush with the frame.  The double doors of the air brake shop were made the same way.

The sub-roofs for the two adjoining structures were cut from heavy mat board and test fit on the building.  The roofs were not glued in place yet.

The roof of the electrical shop is made of weathered corrugated iron sheets.  The air brake shop roof is covered with tar paper.  I cut the corrugated panels from Campbell corrugated aluminum strips.  I made a simple measuring device by drawing verticle lines 2 scale feet apart and laying out the aluminum strips so that I could quickly cut roof panels with a #11 hobby knife blade.

To attach the corrugated panels to the mat board roof I used 1/2" strips of Bron doubled sided tape.  Bron makes a wide variety of tapes for special purposes; they can be found by googling Bron on the internet.  The 1/2" size tape is narrow enough to fit two strips side by side to secure the roof panels.

Roof panels were placed side by side with a slight overlap.  The second layer of panels run from the peak of the roof and overlap the lower panels.  Another strip of Bron double sided tape ran across the top of the lower level to keep the panels flat.

When all the panels were taped to the sub-roof, a line of panels was used across the roof peak.  Here is the finished roof before the ridge panels were installed.

The metal roof was given a base coat of Tamiya TS-63 NATO Black spray paint.  This was as close as I could come to the now defunct Floquil "Weathered Black" color.  I used a "rattle can" to apply the spray paint.  Once the roof was dry, I prepared a work space and different sizes of soft brushes to apply a variety of weathering powders from Micro Mark.

For weathering I used grimy black, dirty brown and rusty brown colors.  To apply the weathering, I dipped a brush in the powder, picking up enough to sprinkle across the top of the roof.  Then I used a wide soft brush to streak down the roof panels.

When using this technique, don't be afraid to mix the powders or apply them successively over each other.  You want the roof to look weather beaten, slightly rusty, and sooty,  I was pleased with the results I achieved.  Here is the electrical shop set on the layout.

The roof of the air brake shop lean-to was covered with a new product I discovered at the National Narrow Gauge Convention in Augusta, Maine: Stoney Creek Designs Rolled Roofing.  I opted to use the black paper, which has a granular coating on one side to represent asphalt roofing.  The paper was aged by gently dragging each sheet across 340 grit sandpaper before gluing it to the roof.

Here is a view of the southwest corner of the finished structure.  The south side is seldom seen or photographed, as it is only a few feet from the adjoining building.

This concludes my step-by-step explanation of how I scratch built the EBT electrical and air brake shops.  This unique little building not often modeled, but is a interesting addition to the shop complex.  In my next post I will describe how I scratch built another rarely modeled structure: the brick paint shop next to the roundhouse.